Institutional Publications
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Item Expanding roles for S-nitrosylation in the regulation of plant immunity(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Borrowman, Sam; Gupta, Kapuganti Jagadis; Loake, Gary J.Following pathogen recognition, plant cells produce a nitrosative burst resulting in a striking increase in nitric oxide (NO), altering the redox state of the cell, which subsequently helps orchestrate a plethora of immune responses. NO is a potent redox cue, efficiently relayed between proteins through its co-valent attachment to highly specific, powerfully reactive protein cysteine (Cys) thiols, resulting in formation of protein S-nitrosothiols (SNOs). This process, known as S-nitrosylation, can modulate the function of target proteins, enabling responsiveness to cellular redox changes. Key targets of S-nitrosylation control the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the transcription of immune-response genes, the triggering of the hypersensitive response (HR) and the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Here, we bring together recent advances in the control of plant immunity by S-nitrosylation, furthering our appreciation of how changes in cellular redox status reprogramme plant immune function.Item Regulating the regulator: nitric oxide control of post-translational modifications(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2020) Gupta, Kapuganti Jagadis; Kolbert, Zsuzsanna; Durner, Jorg; Lindermayr, Christian; Corpas, Francisco J.; Brouquisse, Renaud; Barroso, Juan B.; Saima, Umbreen; Palma, José M; Hancock, John T.; Petrivalsky, Marek; Wendehenne, David; Loake, Gary J.Nitric oxide (NO) is perfectly suited for duties as a redox signalling molecule. A key route for NO bioactivity occurs via protein S‐nitrosation, the addition of a NO moiety to a protein cysteine (Cys) thiol (‐SH) to form a S‐nitrosothiol (SNO). This process is thought to underpin a myriad of cellular processes in plants linked to development, environmental responses and immune function. Here we collate emerging evidence showing that NO bioactivity regulates a growing number of diverse post‐translational modifications (PTMs) including SUMOylation, phosphorylation, persulfidation and acetylation. We provide examples of how NO orchestrates these processes to mediate plant adaptation to a variety of cellular cues.Item Novel and conserved functions of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase in tomato(Oxford University Press, 2019) Hussain, Adil; Yun, Byung-Wook; Kim, Ji Hyun; Gupta, Kapuganti Jagadis; Hyung, Nam-In; Loake, Gary J.Nitric oxide (NO) is emerging as a key signalling molecule in plants. The chief mechanism for the transfer of NO bioactivity is thought to be S-nitrosylation, the addition of an NO moiety to a protein cysteine thiol to form an S-nitrosothiol (SNO). The enzyme S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) indirectly controls the total levels of cellular S-nitrosylation, by depleting S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the major cellular NO donor. Here we show that depletion of GSNOR function impacts tomato (Solanum lycopersicum. L) fruit development. Thus, reduction of GSNOR expression through RNAi modulated both fruit formation and yield, establishing a novel function for GSNOR. Further, depletion of S. lycopersicum GSNOR (SlGSNOR) additionally impacted a number of other developmental processes, including seed development, which also has not been previously linked with GSNOR activity. In contrast to Arabidopsis, depletion of GSNOR function did not influence root development. Further, reduction of GSNOR transcript abundance compromised plant immunity. Surprisingly, this was in contrast to previous data in Arabidopsis that reported that reducing Arabidopsis thaliana GSNOR (AtGSNOR) expression by antisense technology increased disease resistance. We also show that increased SlGSNOR expression enhanced pathogen protection, uncovering a potential strategy to enhance disease resistance in crop plants. Collectively, our findings reveal, at the genetic level, that some but not all GSNOR activities are conserved outside the Arabidopsis reference system. Thus, manipulating the extent of GSNOR expression may control important agricultural traits in tomato and possibly other crop plants.