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Author: search.filters.author.Garg, RohiniSubject: search.filters.subject.Legumes

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    Genome-wide analysis of homeobox gene family in legumes: identification, gene duplication and expression profiling
    (PLOS, 2015) Bhattacharjee, Annapurna; Ghangal, Rajesh; Garg, Rohini; Jain, Mukesh
    Homeobox genes encode transcription factors that are known to play a major role in different aspects of plant growth and development. In the present study, we identified homeobox genes belonging to 14 different classes in five legume species, including chickpea, soybean, Medicago, Lotus and pigeonpea. The characteristic differences within homeodomain sequences among various classes of homeobox gene family were quite evident. Genome-wide expression analysis using publicly available datasets (RNA-seq and microarray) indicated that homeobox genes are differentially expressed in various tissues/developmental stages and under stress conditions in different legumes. We validated the differential expression of selected chickpea homeobox genes via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Genome duplication analysis in soybean indicated that segmental duplication has significantly contributed in the expansion of homeobox gene family. The Ka/Ks ratio of duplicated homeobox genes in soybean showed that several members of this family have undergone purifying selection. Moreover, expression profiling indicated that duplicated genes might have been retained due to sub-functionalization. The genome-wide identification and comprehensive gene expression profiling of homeobox gene family members in legumes will provide opportunities for functional analysis to unravel their exact role in plant growth and development.
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    Genomic survey, gene expression analysis and structural modeling suggest diverse roles of DNA methyltransferases in legumes
    (PLOS, 2014) Garg, Rohini; Kumari, Romika; Tiwari, Sneha; Goyal, Shweta
    DNA methylation plays a crucial role in development through inheritable gene silencing. Plants possess three types of DNA methyltransferases (MTases), namely Methyltransferase (MET), Chromomethylase (CMT) and Domains Rearranged Methyltransferase (DRM), which maintain methylation at CG, CHG and CHH sites. DNA MTases have not been studied in legumes so far. Here, we report the identification and analysis of putative DNA MTases in five legumes, including chickpea, soybean, pigeonpea, Medicago and Lotus. MTases in legumes could be classified in known MET, CMT, DRM and DNA nucleotide methyltransferases (DNMT2) subfamilies based on their domain organization. First three MTases represent DNA MTases, whereas DNMT2 represents a transfer RNA (tRNA) MTase. Structural comparison of all the MTases in plants with known MTases in mammalian and plant systems have been reported to assign structural features in context of biological functions of these proteins. The structure analysis clearly specified regions crucial for protein-protein interactions and regions important for nucleosome binding in various domains of CMT and MET proteins. In addition, structural model of DRM suggested that circular permutation of motifs does not have any effect on overall structure of DNA methyltransferase domain. These results provide valuable insights into role of various domains in molecular recognition and should facilitate mechanistic understanding of their function in mediating specific methylation patterns. Further, the comprehensive gene expression analyses of MTases in legumes provided evidence of their role in various developmental processes throughout the plant life cycle and response to various abiotic stresses. Overall, our study will be very helpful in establishing the specific functions of DNA MTases in legumes.
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    Transcriptome analyses in legumes: A resource for functional genomics
    (Crop Science Society of America, 2013) Garg, Rohini; Jain, Mukesh
    Legumes represent an important family of flowering plants in terms of providing human nutrition and capacity to fix atmospheric N for agricultural sustainability. The recent availability of genome sequence of several legume plants has helped boosting genomics research. Study of the transcriptome at a global level can provide insights into the gene space, gene function, transcriptional programs, and molecular basis of various cellular processes in legumes, even in the absence of genome sequence. Transcriptome analysis has been realized as an essential step for basic and applied research in any organism. Considering the importance of transcriptome analyses, a few studies have been performed in legumes, such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], Medicago truncatula Gaertn., Lotus corniculatus L. var. japonicus Regel [syn. Lotus japonicus (Regel) K. Larsen], and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), to uncover the overall and specific transcriptional activity of genes across various tissues and/or organs and developmental stages. Several candidate genes putatively involved in important agronomic traits, such as nodule, flower, and seed development, have been identified. The availability of these transcriptome data and future investigations will enable a variety of functional genomic studies to characterize these genes and define their function in legumes.