Browsing by Author "Singh, Kratika"

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    Nitrogen forms and their availability-dependent root developmental adaptation in plants
    (Elsevier B.V., 2024) Pandey, Anshika; Singh, Kratika; Singh, Amar Pal
    Nitrogen (N) is one of the crucial nutrients required for the growth and development of plants. The two predominant forms of N acquired by terrestrial plants are nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+). Due to the leaching behavior of these forms, N often ends up being the limiting nutrient for crop plants. Postgreen revolution strategies of accelerated crop production necessitated the heavy application of N fertilizers, a large portion of which succumbs to air and water. To adapt to varying levels of NO3− and NH4+ and under their low availability, plants have inherent mechanisms of altering their root system architecture (RSA), a phenomenon termed as N foraging response. Knowledge about the biochemical mechanisms and genetic aspects behind N source preference and root plasticity is vast but scattered. In this chapter, we attempt to put forward the coordination of primary root (PR) and lateral root (LR) development by intrinsic factors such as growth regulators and N metabolites in an N-form-specific manner. The influence of N interaction with other nutrients on root development has also been featured.
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    Review: Nutrient-nutrient interactions governing underground plant adaptation strategies in a heterogeneous environment
    (Elsevier B.V., 2024) Singh, Kratika; Gupta, Shreya; Singh, Amar Pal
    Plant growth relies on the mineral nutrients present in the rhizosphere. The distribution of nutrients in soils varies depending on their mobility and capacity to bind with soil particles. Consequently, plants often encounter either low or high levels of nutrients in the rhizosphere. Plant roots are the essential organs that sense changes in soil mineral content, leading to the activation of signaling pathways associated with the adjustment of plant architecture and metabolic responses. During differential availability of minerals in the rhizosphere, plants trigger adaptation strategies such as cellular remobilization of minerals, secretion of organic molecules, and the attenuation or enhancement of root growth to balance nutrient uptake. The interdependency, availability, and uptake of minerals, such as phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), potassium (K), nitrogen (N) forms, nitrate (NO3-), and ammonium (NH4+), modulate the root architecture and metabolic functioning of plants. Here, we summarized the interactions of major nutrients (N, P, K, Fe, Zn) in shaping root architecture, physiological responses, genetic components involved, and address the current challenges associated with nutrient-nutrient interactions. Furthermore, we discuss the major gaps and opportunities in the field for developing plants with improved nutrient uptake and use efficiency for sustainable agriculture.