Browsing by Author "Siddique, Kadambot H.M."

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Breeding and genomics approaches for improving phosphorus-use efficiency in grain legumes
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Jha, Uday Chand; Nayyar, Harsh; Parida, Swarup K.; Beena, R.; Pang, Jiayin; Siddique, Kadambot H.M.
Phosphorus (P) is an essential plant macronutrient, but P sources for plant growth are non-renewable, causing great concern for future sustainable agriculture and global food security. Thus, enhancing plant P-use efficiency (PUE) by improving P-acquisition and P-utilization efficiencies is urgently needed in various crops, including grain legumes, for intensive cropping systems. This review discusses how to harness the genetic variability in PUE traits across grain legume gene pools to improve PUE using various conventional breeding approaches and emerging breeding tools. The genetic architecture of PUE traits is complex, being quantitatively inherited and highly influenced by the environment. Thus, we discuss how the biparental QTL mapping approach has been used to dissect the genetic architecture of PUE traits. Unprecedented advances in legume genomics resources, especially high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphisms, have facilitated uncovering genomic regions related to PUE across the whole genome using a genome-wide association mapping approach. Likewise, the availability of complete genome sequence information, pangenome sequences, and the whole-genome resequencing approach have provided novel insights into structural variation, including presence/absence and copy number variations, underpinning PUE. Simultaneously, progress in functional genomics, including transcriptomics and computational biology, has facilitated the discovery of various underlying transcription factors and the corresponding downstream P signal perception genes and candidate gene(s) controlling PUE and conferring low-P tolerance in various legumes with putative function. We also discuss updated metabolomics and proteomics approaches that have improved our understanding of various gene networks, P-starvation signaling pathways, and P acquisition and utilization of molecular mechanisms important for PUE. Finally, we summarize how novel breeding schemes, including genomic selection, speed breeding, and emerging CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tools, will assist in designing P-use-efficient cultivars and adapting grain legumes to low-P environments. Thus, enhancing PUE by integrating various ‘omics’ approaches could improve P-acquisition and P-utilization efficiencies in various modern grain legume cultivars grown in intensive cropping systems to restrict P-fertilizer overuse and preserve the declining non-renewable global rock phosphate reservoir for securing an economical and sustainable future agriculture.
Exploring the synergistic effects of drought and heat stress on chickpea seed development: Insights into nutritional quality and seed yield
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Awasthi, Rashmi; Devi, Poonam; Jha, Uday Chand; Sharma, Kamal Dev; Roorkiwal, Manish; Kumar, Sanjeev; Pareek, Ashwani; Siddique, Kadambot H.M.; Prasad, PV Vara; Parida, Swarup K.; Nayyar, Harsh
Growing chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) faces significant challenges due to rising temperatures and drought stress, particularly during the reproductive and seed-filling phases. This study investigated the single and joint impacts of drought and heat stress on seed development, focusing on the responses of drought-tolerant (DT) and droughtsensitive (DS) chickpea genotypes. Initially raised in an outdoor environment (mean day and night temperature of 27 and 16±1 ◦C, respectively, light intensity of 1230–1440 µmol m− 2 s − 1 , relative humidity of 70/43 %) until seed filling (around 110–113 days after sowing) commenced. The plants were subsequently exposed to single or combined heat and drought stress under controlled conditions until maturity. Control pots were maintained at day and night temperature of 25 and 15 ◦C, respectively with 500 µmol m− 2 s − 1 light, 60–65 % RH, and regular irrigation, and drought-stressed pots were kept at 50 % field capacity under the same conditions of light and humidity. Heat stress in pots was gradually increased to 32(day)/20 ◦C (night) under regular irrigation, while combined stress pots experienced both drought (50 % field capacity) and heat stress conditions 32(day)/20 ◦C (night) under the same light and humidity conditions with irrigation. All stress treatments adversely affected cell membranes, photosynthesis, and water regulation, with more pronounced effects under combined stress. While heat stress increased stomatal conductance, drought and combined stress significantly reduced it. Seed filling rate and duration decreased under all stress conditions, especially combined stress. The stresses in combination severely reduced seed weight and pod numbers compared to individual stresses. Enzyme activities involved in starch and sucrose synthesis and hydrolysis substantially decreased under the combined stress. Seed composition elements (starch, storage proteins, sugars, fat, crude fiber, and ash) exhibited significant reductions across all stress treatments, particularly for the combined stress. Thus, under combined stresses, starch, proteins, and soulube sugars were markedly decreased to 13–20 %, 6.4–12.4 %, and 3–5 % in seeds, compared to 37–39 %, 21–24 %, and 6 % in control seeds. The DT genotype outperformed the DS genotype for all traits under individual and combined stress conditions. Principal component analysis revealed a complex interplay among various physiological responses (membrane damage, chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative leaf water content, and stomatal conductance), seed yield, and seed composition under the combined stress. This study highlighted that combined heat and drought stress severely impacted chickpea yield and nutritional traits, such as seed starch and protein content, compared to individual stresses underscoring the need to develop cultivars tolerant to this stress combination.
Response of physiological, reproductive function and yield traits in cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under heat stress
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Devi, Poonam; Jha, Uday Chand; Prakash, Vijay; Kumar, Sanjeev; Parida, Swarup K.; Paul, Pronob J.; Prasad, P. V. Vara; Sharma, Kamal Dev; Siddique, Kadambot H.M.; Nayyar, Harsh
Under global climate change, high-temperature stress is becoming a major threat to crop yields, adversely affecting plant growth, and ultimately resulting in significant yield losses in various crops, including chickpea. Thus, identifying crop genotypes with increased heat stress (HS) tolerance is becoming a priority for chickpea research. Here, we assessed the response of seven physiological traits and four yield and yield-related traits in 39 chickpea genotypes grown in normal-sown and late-sown environments [to expose plants to HS (>32/20°C) at the reproductive stage] for two consecutive years (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). Significant genetic variability for the tested traits occurred under normal and HS conditions in both years. Based on the tested physiological parameters and yield-related traits, GNG2171, GNG1969, GNG1488, PantG186, CSJ515, RSG888, RSG945, RVG202, and GNG469 were identified as promising genotypes under HS. Further, ten heat-tolerant and ten heat-sensitive lines from the set of 39 genotypes were validated for their heat tolerance (32/20°C from flowering to maturity) in a controlled environment of a growth chamber. Of the ten heat-tolerant genotypes, GNG1969, GNG1488, PantG186, RSG888, CSJ315, and GNG1499 exhibited high heat tolerance evidenced by small reductions in pollen viability, pollen germination, and pod set %, high seed yield plant-1 and less damage to membranes, photosynthetic ability, leaf water status, and oxidative processes. In growth chamber, chlorophyll, photosynthetic efficiency, pollen germination, and pollen viability correlated strongly with yield traits. Thus, GNG1969, GNG1488, PantG186, RSG888, CSJ315, and GNG1499 genotypes could be used as candidate donors for transferring heat tolerance traits to high-yielding heat-sensitive varieties to develop heat-resilient chickpea cultivars.