Browsing by Author "Saksena, Harshita B."

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Balancing growth and defense: Role of target of rapamycin and SNF1-related protein kinase 1 in stress signaling in plants
(John Wiley & Sons, 2021) Sharma, Mohan; Jamsheer, K. Muhammed; Saksena, Harshita B.; Jindal, Sunita; Sharma, Manvi; Singh, Dhriti; Tiwari, Archna; Awasthi, Prakhar; Laxmi, Ashverya
Plants have to maintain the growth and at the same time need to be vigilant about the imminent threat such as pathogen attack and unfavorable growth conditions. It is been observed that the energy status of the plant is an important determinant of the response to stress factors. The Target Of Rapamycin (TOR) and SNF1-Related Protein Kinase 1 (SnRK1) are serine/threonine kinases that originated early in the eukaryotic evolution, work as energy gauges in all eukaryotic lineages. During favorable growth conditions, the nutrient abundance activates TOR, which promotes growth through activation of general protein translation and cell cycle progression. The stress conditions can severely limit energy production, which can activate SnRK1 signaling. By inhibiting TOR kinase and through other effector proteins, the SnRK1 pathway enables the plants to survive in unfavorable growth conditions. The past decade opened a floodgate of studies regarding TOR and SnRK1 interaction regulating growth-defense trade-offs and stress mitigation. This also opened avenues for the utilization of these pathways for crop improvement. This chapter will succinctly summarize the current knowledge in this field and discuss the future direction of research.
Understanding the intricate web of phytohormone signalling in modulating root system architecture
(MDPI AG, 2021) Sharma, Manvi; Singh, Dhriti; Saksena, Harshita B.; Sharma, Mohan; Tiwari, Archna; Awasthi, Prakhar; Botta, Halidev Krishna; Shukla, Brihaspati Narayan; Laxmi, Ashverya
Root system architecture (RSA) is an important developmental and agronomic trait that is regulated by various physical factors such as nutrients, water, microbes, gravity, and soil compaction as well as hormone-mediated pathways. Phytohormones act as internal mediators between soil and RSA to influence various events of root development, starting from organogenesis to the formation of higher order lateral roots (LRs) through diverse mechanisms. Apart from interaction with the external cues, root development also relies on the complex web of interaction among phytohormones to exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effects to improve crop performance. However, there are considerable gaps in understanding the interaction of these hormonal networks during various aspects of root development. In this review, we elucidate the role of different hormones to modulate a common phenotypic output, such as RSA in Arabidopsis and crop plants, and discuss future perspectives to channel vast information on root development to modulate RSA components.
Understanding the role of phytohormones in governing heat, cold, and freezing stress response
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Sharma, Mohan; Saksena, Harshita B.; Botta, Halidev Krishna; Laxmi, Ashverya
Plants are exposed to rapid fluctuations in the environmental temperature and respond differently to temperature stress through fine-tuning genetic, biochemical, and physiological changes. Plants utilize several signaling pathways including stress and phytohormone signalings to cope with high and low temperature stresses. Emerging studies have documented the role of growth and development related phytohormones, such as auxin, cytokinin, brassinosteroids, gibberellic acid, and strigolactones, in temperature stress responses. Apart from functioning in biotic stress, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid participate in alleviating temperature stress. Abscisic acid and ethylene have also been reported to be major players in regulating abiotic stresses. Changes in global temperature in recent years have drastically affected the crop productivity. Therefore manipulation of certain factors in the stress and phytohormone signaling pathways can lead to the development of crops tolerant to severe temperature stresses, thereby minimizing yield loss during harsh climatic conditions. In this chapter, we shed light on how different hormone signaling pathways facilitate plants to adapt under stressful temperatures, thereby providing them with better stress resilience and survival potential.
The versatile role of glucose signalling in regulating growth, development and stress responses in plants
(Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2020) Saksena, Harshita B.; Sharma, Manvi; Singh, Dhriti; Laxmi, Ashverya
Sugars as an energy source and a signalling molecule are indispensible for growth, development and stress responses in plants. Among sugars, glucose (Glc) has been identified to perform a key role in regulating various cellular and developmental processes in plants. This comprehensive review highlights the crosstalk of glucose signalling with auxin, cytokinin and brassinosteroid signalling in controlling several aspects of plant development including root growth deviation, root waving and coiling, lateral root emergence, hypocotyl elongation, etc. through a Hexokinase 1 dependent and independent pathway in Arabidopsis. It also provides an insight on the role of Glc-mediated target of rapamycin signalling in modulating various abiotic stresses like nutrient deficiency stress, heat stress, oxidative stress etc. The review also discusses about sugar inducible FCS-Like Zinc Finger genes in modulating SNF1-related protein kinase 1 signalling to coordinate growth and stress responses in plants. Therefore, glucose signalling in concert with diverse signalling pathways and via regulating certain genes contributes to numerous cellular processes to control development and stress responses in plants.