Browsing by Author "Sahu, PP"

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    Genomics-assisted breeding for improving stress tolerance of graminaceous crops to biotic and abiotic stresses: Progress and prospects
    (Springer, 2017) Singh, RK; Sahu, PP; Muthamilarasan, M; Dhaka, A; Prasad, Manoj
    Advances in genomics research have led to the development of high-quality reference genome data, genome-wide molecular markers, quantitative trait loci (QTL), and high-throughput genotyping platforms for cereal crops. The availability of these genomic resources has facilitated the development of breeding technologies such as genomics-assisted breeding (GAB). GAB is an advanced form of marker-assisted breeding where genome-wide genetic selection and high-density genotyping are performed to generate elite varieties with better agronomic traits. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is a genotypic variation based indirect selection method that reduces the time and cost of breeding. The different approaches of MAS include marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) or introgression of agronomically important alleles or QTLs with relatively large effect, marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS) for introduction of complex traits and genomic selection (GS) based on overall molecular markers distributed throughout the genome. In view of these, the present chapter discusses the application of genetic and genomic resources in identification and mapping of stress-tolerant genes/QTLs and their application in molecular breeding. In addition, the chapter also summarizes the current status of marker-assisted selection approach for improving tolerance to drought and virus infection in major graminaceous crops. The challenges and future prospects of GAB in enhancing crop productivity under stress conditions have also been summarized.
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    Plant’s defense and survival strategies versus pathogen’s anti-defense and infection capabilities: The hormone-based mechanisms
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2017) Sahu, PP; Sharma, N; Prasad, Manoj
    Plants are constantly exposed to various biotic stresses caused by diverse species of pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, insects, oomycetes, and viruses. A plant-pathogen interaction depicts a continuous process of gaining a competitive advantage over each other in a natural environment. For the counter-defense, plants have evolved an array of resistance strategies that help in diminishing the effect of pathogen and pest attack (Panstruga et al. 2009; Denancé et al. 2013). Plants have been equipped with a molecular defense system to sense pathogen and pest attack. They have specialized proteins to recognize pathogens, which are known as plant recognition receptors (PRRs). These molecules are responsible for the identification of comparatively conserved components of the pathogen termed as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In counteraction, a pathogen exudes effector proteins to normalize the plant specific PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). This battle continues, as the plant starts secreting specialized proteins to recognize these effectors. Plants are equipped with resistance (R) proteins that play a significant role in the identification of these pathogen-derived effector proteins. This process is known as effector-triggered immunity (ETI; Dodds and Rathjen, 2010).