Browsing by Author "Jain, Ajay"

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CRISPR-Cas9 directed genome engineering for enhancing salt stress tolerance in rice
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Farhat, Sufia; Jain, Neha; Singh, Nisha; Sreevathsa, Rohini; Dash, Prasanta K.; Rai, Rhitu; Yadav, Sandeep; Kumar, Pramod; Sarkar, Ananda K.; Jain, Ajay; Singh, Nagendra K.; Rai, Vandna
Crop productivity in rice is harshly limited due to high concentration of salt in the soil. To understand the intricacies of the mechanism it is important to unravel the key pathways operating inside the plant cell. Emerging state-of-the art technologies have provided the tools to discover the key components inside the plant cell for salt tolerance. Among the molecular entities, transcription factors and/or other important components of sensing and signaling cascades have been the attractive targets and the role of NHX and SOS1 transporters amply described. Not only marker assisted programs but also transgenic approaches by using reverse genetic strategies (knockout or knockdown) or overexpression have been extensively used to engineer rice crop. CRISPR/Cas is an attractive paradigm and provides the feasibility for manipulating several genes simultaneously. Here, in this review we highlight some of the molecular entities that could be potentially targeted for generating rice amenable to sustain growth under high salinity conditions by employing CRISPR/Cas. We also try to address key questions for rice salt stress tolerance other than what is already known.
Iron availability affects phosphate deficiency-mediated responses, and evidences of cross talk with auxin and zinc in Arabidopsis
(Oxford University Press, 2015) Rai, Vandna; Sanagala, Raghavendrarao; Sinilal, Bhaskaran; Yadav, Sandeep; Sarkar, Ananda K.; Dantu, Prem Kumar; Jain, Ajay
Phosphate (Pi) is pivotal for plant growth and development. Pi deficiency triggers local and systemically regulated adaptive responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Inhibition of primary root growth (PRG) and retarded development of lateral roots (LRs) are typical local Pi deficiency-mediated responses of the root system. Expression of Pi starvation-responsive (PSR) genes is regulated systemically. Here, we report the differential influence of iron (Fe) availability on local and systemic sensing of Pi by Arabidopsis. P-Fe- condition disrupted local Pi sensing, resulting in an elongated primary root (PR). Altered Fe homeostasis in the lpsi mutant with aberration in local Pi sensing provided circumstantial evidence towards the role of Fe in the maintenance of Pi homeostasis. Reporter gene assays, expression analysis of auxin-responsive genes (ARGs) and root phenotyping of the arf7arf19 mutant demonstrated the role of Fe availability on local Pi deficiency-mediated LR development. In addition, Fe availability also exerted a significant influence on PSR genes belonging to different functional categories. Together, these results demonstrated a substantial influence of Fe availability on Pi deficiency-mediated responses of ontogenetically distinct traits of the root system and PSR genes. The study also provided evidence of cross-talk between Pi, Fe and Zn, highlighting a complex tripartite interaction amongst them for maintaining Pi homeostasis.
Potassium chloroaurate-mediated in vitro synthesis of gold nanoparticles improved root growth by crosstalk with sucrose and nutrient-dependent auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana
(MDPI AG, 2022) Yadav, Sandeep; Yugandhar, Poli; Alavilli, Hemasundar; Raliya, Ramesh; Singh, Archita; Sahi, Shivendra V.; Sarkar, Ananda K.; Jain, Ajay
In a hydroponic system, potassium chloroaurate (KAuCl4 ) triggers the in vitro sucrose (Suc)-dependent formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). AuNPs stimulate the growth of the root system, but their molecular mechanism has not been deciphered. The root system of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) exhibits developmental plasticity in response to the availability of various nutrients, Suc, and auxin. Here, we showed the roles of Suc, phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) in facilitating a AuNPs-mediated increase in root growth. Furthermore, the recuperating effects of KAuCl4 on the natural (IAA) auxin-mediated perturbation of the root system were demonstrated. Arabidopsis seedlings harboring the cell division marker CycB1;1::CDB-GUS provided evidence of the restoration efficacy of KAuCl4 on the IAA-mediated inhibitory effect on meristematic cell proliferation of the primary and lateral roots. Arabidopsis harboring synthetic auxin DR5rev::GFP exhibited a reinstating effect of KAuCl4 on IAA-mediated aberration in auxin subcellular localization in the root. KAuCl4 also exerted significant and differential recuperating effects on the IAA-mediated altered expression of the genes involved in auxin signaling and biosynthetic pathways in roots. Our results highlight the crosstalk between KAuCl4 -mediated improved root growth and Suc and nutrient-dependent auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis.
Role of chromatin modification and remodeling in stem cell regulation and meristem maintenance in Arabidopsis
(Oxford University Press, 2020) Singh, Sharmila; Singh, Alka; Singh, Archita; Mahima; Yadav, Sandeep; Bajaj, Ishita; Kumar, Shailendra; Jain, Ajay; Sarkar, Ananda K.
In higher plants, pluripotent stem cells reside in the specialized microenvironment called stem cell niches (SCNs) harbored at the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM), which give rise to the aerial and underground parts of a plant, respectively. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) has been extensively studied to decipher the intricate regulatory mechanisms involving some key transcriptions factors and phytohormones that play pivotal roles in stem cell homeostasis, meristem maintenance, and organ formation. However, there is increasing evidence to show the epigenetic regulation of the chromatin architecture, gene expression exerting an influence on an innate balance between the self-renewal of stem cells, and differentiation of the progeny cells to a specific tissue type or organ. Post-translational histone modifications, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling, and chromatin assembly/ disassembly are some of the key features involved in the modulation of chromatin architecture. Here, we discuss the major epigenetic regulators and illustrate their roles in the regulation of stem cell activity, meristem maintenance, and related organ patterning in Arabidopsis.